Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for marburgspecific antibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, the. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Filoviruses include the ebola viruses, which cause ebola virus disease evd, and marburg virus, which causes marburg virus disease mvd. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany. Ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever as ntds currently there is no standardized definition of an ntd 51,52, and various groups have applied differing standards in the classification of ntds. West nile virus see arboviral neuroinvasive and nonneuroinvasive class b. Ebola virus is regarded as the prototype pathogen of viral haemorrhagic fever, causing severe disease and high casefatality rates. Dec 09, 2019 marburg hemorrhagic fever two mysterious outbreaks that occurred in europe in the 60s were traced back to laboratory workers who handled african monkeys that had been imported from uganda. Marburg hemorrhagic fever medical definition merriam.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever view pdf 2kb what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda, 2014. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet last updated may 5, 2010 what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. Pdf clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever researchgate. These highly infectious viruses lead to a potentially lethal disease syndrome characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting, mucosal and gastrointestinal gi. It was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of a then unknown hemorrhagic fever occurred in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family. Viral hemorrhagic fevers chapter 4 2020 yellow book. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf was first described in 1967 in an outbreak in germany and the former yugoslavia that was linked to contact with monkeys imported from uganda. Prevention marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in germany and yugoslavia in 1967, among laboratory workers who had been exposed to tissues from imported african green vervet monkeys cercopithecus aethiops. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, outbreak postings filoviridae.
Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf and marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf are two similar clinical diseases caused by viruses of the genera ebolavirus ebov and marburgvirus marv, respectively, both of the family filoviridae. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg virus disease mvd, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. This is especially true if only a single case is involved. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases ncezid, division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology dhcpp, viral special pathogens branch vspb. The signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever strike suddenly 5 to 10 days after infection with the virus and usually include fever, chills, headache, and myalgia muscle aches.
Symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, sore throat, and weakness, followed by diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a group of febrile illnesses caused by rna viruses from several viral families. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf. Jul 10, 2008 jul 10, 2008 cidrap news european officials today reported a rare case of the oftendeadly marburg hemorrhagic fever on european soil, in a dutch woman who recently was exposed to bats while visiting caves in uganda. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic. Pubmed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet what is marburg hemorrhagic fever.
Marburg virus disease presents as an acute febrile illness and can progress within 68 days to severe hemorrhagic manifestations. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs include numerous zoonotic diseases caused by different viruses, all of which cause a hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Although outbreaks are sporadic, there is the potential for filoviruses to spread to other. Ebola virus and marburg virus ebov and marv, respectively of the family filoviridae cause hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates, sometimes reaching 50 to 90% of infected individuals, in humans and nonhuman primates 101, 162, 473. Pdf marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is a rare, viral hemorrhagic fever vhf. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Owing to largely sensationalist accounts of outbreaks, these diseases are widely recognized, despite the overall rarity of their occurrence. Fifteen 2% of 912 participants in a general village crosssectional antibody survey. The first cases of filovirus haemorrhagic fever were reported in 1967 in germany and the former yugoslavia, and the causative agent was identified as marburg virus.
These emerging viral hemorrhagic fevers are presumed to be animal borne zoonotic and can be transmitted to humans through contact. Laboratory diagnostic systems for ebola and marburg. Ebola hemorrhagic fever an overview sciencedirect topics. Epidemiology human outbreaks occur sporadically in regions of central africa. In summary, primary cases were found among gold miners, and secondary cases were found among family members. Marburg hemorrhagic fever two mysterious outbreaks that occurred in europe in the 60s were traced back to laboratory workers who handled african monkeys that. Report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for. Closely related to ebola virus, marv is a filamentous virus with a negativesense, single. This type of secondary transmission of the virus can occur directly, through close contact with infected people or their body fluids. Nausea, vomiting, and chest or abdominal pain may also occur. Jul 10, 2008 cidrap news european officials today reported a rare case of the oftendeadly marburg hemorrhagic fever on european soil, in a dutch woman who recently was exposed to bats while visiting caves in uganda. In africa, viral haemorrhagic fevers vhfs include lassa fever, rift valley fever, marburg and ebola haemorrhagic fevers, crimeancongo haemorrhagic fever cchf and yellow fever. Cdc viral hemorrhagic fevers emergency preparedness.
Imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever colorado, 2008. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet last updated april 23, 2012 what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet pa department of health. Mar 07, 2018 marburg hemorrhagic fever or marburg virus is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which impacts both humans and nonhuman primates.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, sore throat, and weakness, followed by. Triggered by a genetically special zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the development of this virus family. Marburg virus marv is the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever outbreaks with high case fatality rates. A detailed description of the marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the durba area has been published elsewhere 1. Marburg hemorrhagic fever and ebola hemorrhagic fever are severe and often fatal diseases characterized by fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, coagulation disorders, and multiorgan failure. Bleeding manifestations occur in variable proportions of patients eg, in about 30% of patients with ebola or marburg hemorrhagic fever and in only about 1% of patients with rift valley fever. Ebola virus and marburg virus ebov and marv, respectively of the family filoviridae cause hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates, sometimes reaching 50 to 90% of infected individuals, in humans and nonhuman primates 10, 16, 47. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. Many of the signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other more frequent infectious diseases, such as malaria or typhoid fever, making diagnosis of the disease difficult. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever the forgotten cousin strikes. Reston ebolavirus occurs in the philippines, and has also been reported in prrs virusinfected pigs from a 2008 outbreak in china. Marburg hemorrhagic fever about vhf information for workers and persons working and living abroad cdc webpage nationally notifiable condition and case definitions cdc. Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for marburg specific antibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. Imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fevercolorado, 2008. Ebola, marburg, lassa and crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever viruses are examples. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and. Mhf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates.
Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman. Resources marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever ncbi nih.
Numerous strains have been identified, putatively with different degrees of lethality. The marburg virus causes severe viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. Ebov consists of four species, zaire ebov, sudan ebov, ivory coast ebov, and reston ebov, which were first isolated in the democratic republic of congo. The five species of ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. If a patient is either suspected or confirmed to have marburg hemorrhagic fever, barrier nursing techniques should be used to prevent direct physical contact with the patient. Vhfs are caused by filoviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, and flaviviruses and include diseases such as ebola, marburg, lassa, crimean congo, and rift valley fever. Risk factors for marburg hemorrhagic fever, democratic. West nile virus health alert 2012 western equine encephalitis virus disease see arboviral neruoinvasive and nonneuroinvasive fact sheet. Marburg virus is a member of the virus family filoviridae, along with ebola virus. Over 25 different viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever. Recent evidence suggests that bats may play a role as a reservoir host. Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic. It can also occur indirectly, through contact with objects contaminated with infected body fluids.
Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. However, if a person has the early symptoms of marburg hf. Viral hemorrhagic fevers lassa, marburg, ebola, crimean. We conducted two antibody surveys to assess risk factors for marburg hemorrhagic fever in an area of confirmed marburg virus transmission in the democratic republic of the congo.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers ebola and marburg the center for. Diagnosis marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a septic shocklike syndrome. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. Jun, 2018 the signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever strike suddenly 5 to 10 days after infection with the virus and usually include fever, chills, headache, and myalgia muscle aches. Several families of enveloped rna viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs. Disease onset is sudden, with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a. Jun 26, 2012 ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf and marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf are rare viral diseases, endemic to central africa.
More than 30 years after the discovery of marburg virus as the causative agent of an outbreak of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in germany and the former yugoslavia in 1967, the longforgotten path. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. A maculopapular rash may be noted early in the clinical course in some forms of vhf notably in ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fevers. Marburg hemorrhagic fever an overview sciencedirect topics. The overall burden of ehf and mhf is small in comparison to the more common protozoan, helminth, and bacterial diseases typically referred to as neglected tropical diseases ntds. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare. Marburg virus genomics and association with a large hemorrhagic fever outbreak in angola. After an incubation period of 510 days, onset of the disease is sudden and is marked by fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. Measures for prevention of secondary, or persontoperson, transmission are similar to those used for other hemorrhagic fevers.
Infected humans can spread the virus to each other through contact with contaminated objects or blood. Marburg hemorrhagic fever crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever. Ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fevers are severe, oftenfatal diseases in humans and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Humans initially contract an infection with a haemorrhagic fever virus through exposure to rodents or insects for ebola and marburg vhfs, the natural reservoir is. On july 10, 2008, marburg hemorrhagic fever was confirmed in a dutch patient.
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